How to Plan Your Essay in Task 2 Writing

Five minutes of planning. One clear structure. No more staring at a blank screen while the timer runs down. This one includes a planner you can actually type into.

Here’s what happens in almost every Task 2 attempt that goes wrong: the candidate reads the question, panics slightly, and starts writing sentence one before they know what sentence twenty is going to say. Forty minutes later they’ve produced 280 words that repeat the same point three different ways and never quite answer the question.

The fix isn’t “write faster.” It’s plan first, for real, on paper — not in your head, where half of it will evaporate the moment you start writing. Give it 4–5 minutes. You’ll get that time back, and then some, because you won’t stall mid-paragraph wondering what comes next.

✍️ Tutor’s note

“In marking sessions I can spot an unplanned essay in the first ten seconds — the thesis wanders, or a new idea shows up in paragraph three that was never set up. The students who plan for four minutes almost always beat the ones who skip planning and write for four minutes longer instead. It’s not close.”

— Worddemy IELTS Writing Tutor

The method: four steps, one page, no wasted motion#

You don’t need a beautiful plan. You need a working one — messy is fine, as long as you can read it back in eight minutes.

1. Read the question twice and underline the operative words (~40 sec) Not the topic words — the instruction words. “To what extent,” “discuss both views,” “advantages and disadvantages” each demand a different essay shape. Miss this and no amount of good English saves your Task Response score.
2. Brainstorm 2–3 main ideas, not five (~90 sec) More ideas sounds safer. It isn’t — you’ve got roughly 250 words to work with, so five ideas means five underdeveloped ones. Pick the two or three you can actually explain.
3. Give each idea one piece of support (~90 sec) A reason, an example, or a consequence — something concrete. “Education is important” is a claim. “Better-educated workforces adapt faster to new technology” is a claim with a spine.
4. Decide the order and stop (~30 sec) Strongest point first or last — your call — then lock it in. This is what actually earns Coherence and Cohesion marks: an examiner can feel when a writer knew where the essay was going.

Try it yourself — the planning tool#

Reading about planning and actually doing it under time pressure are different skills. Here’s a live version of the four-step method. Start the clock, plan against the sample question below (or swap in your own), and see what you can get down in five minutes.

What it looks like when you skip this step#

Here’s an actual opening paragraph a student wrote for this question with zero planning — followed by the marks a tutor put on it. See how many of these you’d catch before reading the notes.

Unplanned first draft — introduction paragraph (Band 5.5)

Nowadays, government should spending¹ less money for arts and more to health and education, because these things is² very important for our society, and I agree with this statement totally and completely without any doubt in my mind³. There are many reason for this and I will explain in my essay about it⁴.

1. “spending” → “spend.” Small slip, but it’s the kind of thing that creeps in when you’re composing on the fly instead of reading back a plan.
2. Subject-verb agreement — “these things ARE.” Rushed sentences drop this constantly.
3. Three intensifiers stacked on one claim. This is what a sentence looks like when you’re stalling because you haven’t decided what to say yet.
4. Vague filler — doesn’t say what the essay will actually argue. A plan would’ve given you the real answer here.

Same student, five minutes of planning first

While I acknowledge the cultural value of the arts, I believe governments should prioritise health and education, since these sectors have a more direct impact on a nation’s productivity and long-term wellbeing.

Notice what changed isn’t the vocabulary level — it’s that the second version knows exactly what it’s arguing before the first word hits the page. That’s the entire value of planning: it moves the thinking before the writing, where mistakes are cheap to fix, instead of during it, where they aren’t.

Planning mistakes that quietly cost marks#

• Planning entirely in your head. It feels faster. Under exam pressure, you’ll forget your own structure by paragraph two and start improvising — which is exactly what planning was supposed to prevent.
• Brainstorming five ideas and keeping all of them. More ideas signal effort, not quality. Two well-supported points consistently outscore five thin ones.
• Skipping the conclusion in the plan. Writers who plan the body but not the ending tend to run out of time and either cut the conclusion or bolt on a rushed, repetitive one.
• Restating the question as your thesis. “Some people think X, and I will discuss this” isn’t a position. Decide what you actually think before you write the introduction.

Your plan doesn’t need to be neat. It needs to still make sense to you eight minutes from now, mid-paragraph three, when the clock has your full attention.

A well-built plan is also where Coherence and Cohesion marks are quietly won — an examiner can tell within a paragraph whether a writer knew where the essay was headed. If you like working visually, our guide on using mind maps for Task 2 is a good next step from here.